Camber - The deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the concave side with a straight edge.

Carbon Steel - Steel which owes its properties chiefly to carbon without substantial amounts of other alloying elements; also known as straight carbon steel or plain carbon steel.

Charpy Test - A pendulum-type single-blow impact test in which the specimen, usually notched, is supported at both ends as a simple beam and broken by a falling pendulum of given weight.  The energy absorbed, as determined by the subsequent rise of the pendulum, is a measure of impact strength or notch toughness and is a measurement in foot-pounds. The test specimen is 2” or 2.165” long, .394” square and has a key hole type notch in the center made by centering a No. 47 drill .160” from one side and sawing through the hole.

Chemical Treatment - An aqueous solution of corrosion-inhibiting chemicals, typically chromates or chromate/phosphate.

Coil Breaks - Creases or ridges in sheet that appear as parallel lines across the direction of rolling, and that generally extend the full width of the sheet or strip.  Also referred to as Lüder's Lines.

Cold Drawing - This is a process for finishing a hot rolled rod or bar at room temperature by pulling it through the hole of a die of the same shape but smaller in size. The bars or rods are cleaned of scale by pickling or other methods prior to cold drawing and then coated with lime which aids as a lubricant in the drawing operation.

Cold Finishing - The cold finishing of steel, generally used for bars and shafting, may be defined as the process of reducing their cross sectional area, without heating, by one of five methods: 1. Cold rolling 3. Cold drawing and grinding 5. Turning and             grinding  2. Cold drawing 4. Turning and polishing

Cold Rolled Products - Flat rolled products for which the required final thickness has been obtained by rolling at room temperature.

Cold Rolling - The cold working of hot rolled material by passing it between power driven rolls. The process is generally used for flat bars of such a size that they cannot                  be pulled through a die and for the production of cold rolled sheets by cold reducing hot rolled and pickled sheets. Whereas wire and sheets are cold drawn and cold rolled continuously from coil, bars are individually cold drawn.

 Cold Working - Plastic deformation of a metal at a temperature low enough to insure strain hardening.

Commercial Steel - Sheet of this quality is for simple bending or moderate forming.  Commercial Steel sheet can be bent flat upon itself in any direction at room temperature.

Continuous Casting - A casting technique in which a cast shape is continuously withdrawn through the bottom of the mold as it solidifies, so that its length is not determined by mold dimensions.

Conversion Coating - The chemical treatment film applied to the steel or metallic coated sheet prior to painting.

Core - The center portion of a piece of steel which may be of different chemical composition than the outside, as in the case of carburized parts or which may have different mechanical properties than the outside due to the failure of penetration of heat treatment effect.

Corrosion - Gradual chemical or electrochemical attack on a metal by atmospheric moisture or other agents.

Corten Steel - This is similar in strength characteristics to the standard steel used by HEIL, but with improved resistance to corrosion. It is a low alloy high strength metal with a minimum yield strength of 50,000 psi and an approximate Brinell hardness of 150. This steel meets specification ASTM A-606, Grade E.

Critical Surface - Intended for material applied to critical exposed/painted applications where cosmetic surface imperfections are objectionable. The prime side surface will be free of repetitive type imperfections, gouges, scratches, scale and slivers. This surface can only be furnished as a pickled product.

Crown - A contour on a sheet where the thickness increases from some edge measurement to the center.

Cut Edge - Removal of the as-rolled hot mill edge. Coil ends are cropped back to gauge when cut edge is ordered.

Cut to Length - When a specific or discrete length is specified.